Ubik by Philip K.Dick is a science fiction story, published in 1969, now considered a classic. It appears on Time Magazine’s list of best novels since 1923.

The book imagines a version of 1993 where people with telepathic powers use their skills to gain access to valuable information. They are like psychological computer hackers. Individuals with ability to block these hackers form themselves into what you might call antivirus companies, known as prudence organisations. For a fee they will block the telepaths. There is a constant tension between these two sides, which reaches a crisis point when the anti telepaths are lured to a base on the moon, where, apparently, their leader Glen Runciter is assassinated. Then, under pressure from competing mind-bending powers, time seems to slip backwards as the anti telepaths fight for survival. Our threatened group is helped by a mysterious substance called Ubik, which appears in all sorts of guises, ranging from hair products to medicines – a kind of all-inclusive useful stuff, whose name derives from the word ubiquitous, meaning everywhere.

Alright. Let’s take a moment. A tricky, complicated story. What to make of it? There’s a kind of amorphous quality that invites theories, which many readers have duly provided.

For me, I suppose I made sense of it in the virus/antivirus comparison. Antivirus companies wouldn’t be necessary if people didn’t make viruses. And most of the time you have no idea if a virus is threatening your system, requiring the protection you are paying for. There is an element of unreality about the whole situation, cooked up between two opposing sides, who after much expensive trouble, end up back where they started when there was no virus. Everyone expends a lot of energy to get precisely nowhere. And the medicine to make it all better is ambivalent to say the least, coming in many forms, with warnings of side effects if not used as directed. After all, the one thing that an antivirus company needs to keep it going is a good supply of viruses to protect against. You might imagine an antivirus company, short of things to do, cooking up its own threats, the medicine becoming the poison. Ubik, the book and the substance, is a bit like that.

‘Could the prudence organizations be, in fact, rackets? Claiming a need for their services when sometimes no need actually exists?’

This is not the most straight-forward of reads, jumping around in viewpoint and setting, with a kind of spare writing style that leaves much of the work of imagining scenes to the reader. But there are interesting ideas that save a potentially chaotic project. You have this fascinating struggle, deriving from ancient dualities of good and evil, presented in a modern story about data theft. For me, Ubik was a book that seemed better in retrospect, thinking abut it afterwards. It kind of took me on a bizarre and confusing journey only to bring me back to where I started. This could have felt like a waste of time and effort to get nowhere in particular. Instead it was more like a crazy trip before the relief of home-coming.

Thomas Pynchon’s The Crying of Lot 49, published in 1966, is about conspiracy. While the internet has become a Petri dish for conspiracy, people have long been attracted to the apparent presence of hidden controlling influences in life, whether they actually exist or not.

The setting for The Crying of Lot 49 conspiracy is, of all things, the postal service. A woman named Oedipa Maas, while acting as executor for Pierce Inverarity, her hugely rich former boyfriend, seems to stumble on the existence of the Tristero, an unofficial postal service with roots going back to the Holy Roman Empire. At first the idea of a postal system conspiracy seems merely quirky, as we explore the niche arcana of stamp collecting and postmarks. But then you begin to realise that because the postal service was for centuries the means by which society communicated on a wide scale, control of the mail becomes a way of controlling society. If that sounds far-fetched, remember that even in the age of electronic communication, there have been controversies about politicisation of the U.S. Postal Service, and the effect this might have on postal voting.

So, we follow Oedipa on her tortuous, confusing and sometimes very funny path towards revealing the existence or otherwise of the Tristero. What the outcome of this investigation might be is a tricky thing to reveal, even if I wanted to provide a spoiler.

Personally, I think you can find a clue to the enigmatic truth of this book in the twists of its language. Characteristically, a sentence will seem to be going in one direction, before going off somewhere else. As a general illustration, look at the word ‘God’ which consistently appears as an exclamation doing double duty as a proper noun. Some examples:

‘Now here was Oedipa, faced with a metaphor of God knew how many parts.’

In this sentence, if there were a full stop after ‘God’ it would be a name for a deity. But we then skitter on into the ‘knew how many parts’ bit, causing the word to slide into an exclamation of confusion.

‘That night she sat for hours, too numb even to drink, teaching herself to breathe in a vacuum. For this, oh God, was the void.’

Once again God can be a noun, as in Oedipa appealing to God, while also serving as an exclamation of frustration at the absence of any such thing.

‘Suppose, God, there really was a Tristero then and that she had come on it by accident.’

Same again. The presence suggested by God as a noun disappears into a throw-away exclamation.

Finally have a look at this passage, where we get the God as noun/exclamation trick twice in quick succession.

She looked around, spooked at the sunlight pouring in all the windows, as if she had been trapped at the centre of some intricate crystal, and said “My God.”

“And I feel him, certain days, days of a certain temperature,” said Mr Thoth, “and barometric pressure. Did you know that? I feel him close to me.”

“Your grandfather?”

“No, my God.”

For me, this characteristic use of the word ‘God’, reveals much about the enigmatic nature of hidden controlling influences in The Crying of Lot 49. As soon as shadowy forces become real enough to be named, they disappear again, provoking an exclamation of shock and surprise.

As I was reading my way through all of Pynchon’s twisty sentences, there were times when I did wonder if I was actually enjoying the experience. But by the end I could only feel impressed. The Crying of Lot 49 is very interesting, in a rarified, philosophical way, and also in a more down to earth sense, surprisingly relevant to twenty first century political and social concerns

Greek Lessons is a novel by the Korean author Han Kang, who won the 2024 Nobel Prize for Literature. It’s about a woman who can’t speak, developing a relationship with the tutor of her Ancient Greek class, who is losing his eyesight.

This is a book about the contradictory development of language.

If that sounds abstruse as a topic, then I would agree.

There’s one chapter which opens with two Ancient Greek words which look almost identical on the page. Forgive me if I don’t reproduce them, but my keyboard doesn’t stretch that far. I’ll just quote the comment that follows them:

‘These two verbs mean ‘to suffer’ and ‘to learn’. Do you see how they’re almost identical? What Socrates is doing here is punning on these words to remark on the similarity of the two actions.’

Does learning necessarily involve suffering? Well, to an extent the answer is yes. It does take some effort and discipline to learn anything. There are occasions, however, when you can learn without too much pain, maybe even enjoy the process. This sort of learning is a less visible achievement, and is less likely to win a Nobel Prize. Maybe that’s why P.G. Wodehouse never won a Nobel Prize. Maybe that’s why comedies rarely win Oscars, though it would be hard to argue that the best comedies are not deserving of such an honour, or that comedy does not have lessons for us.

Greek Lessons was very interesting, and I’ve thought about the book a lot after reading it. The way language evolves, from pictograms, becoming sophisticated, moving into bewildering abstraction, leaving behind the experience it was meant to be communicating, and then evolving seemingly backwards in a simpler direction. The book has a rarified quality about it, and more down to earth moments, as language circles around from naivety to complexity and back again. But while I admired all that, overall I have to admit finding the book fairly hard work to read. My personal feeling is that a book like this reveals much about how we view achievement in literature. To be good it has to teach us something, and to teach us something it has to be hard work. Is that how literature should be? I don’t know. But my feeling is that it’s just as much an achievement to create something that seems like fun but is quietly teaching you things anyway. Novels developed as a diversion and an entertainment, and that flaky, showbiz history has to be part of their work, even when people study novels at university. It’s that grey area between goofing off and getting it together that somehow gives the novel as a form its particular fascination. And in a sense that’s the grey area that Greek Lessons explores as it follows language from simple to fancy and back again. Maybe in the case of Greek Lessons the work was a bit too overt. But don’t let a slacker like me put you off. Greek Lessons is an interesting book and worth reading.

Paul Bowles’ The Sheltering Sky is about a wealthy American couple, Port and Kit Moresby, travelling in Africa soon after World War Two. In a snobby sort of way, Port considers himself a traveller rather than a tourist, on a more meaningful journey than someone who relaxes at beach resorts and maybe pops into the occasional museum. He wants to live with the local people, eat their food, speak a few words of the language, contract their picturesque diseases, neglecting vaccination to allow for a really authentic experience. By the end of the book, Kit in particular totally immerses herself in local culture. Suffice to say both Port and Kit’s attempts to escape their own society fail in the nastiest way possible.

I was thinking about this riding to work, a type of journey which would count as neither travel nor tourism, but, whisper it, commuting. In Sheltering Sky terms, if traveller is at the top of the scale, with tourist beneath, then commuter must lurk below day-tripper and Sunday driver at the very bottom of the barrel.

Towards the end of my ride, I passed a branch of Nationwide Building Society. In the window there was an enigmatic poster displaying three words: ‘Going, going, nowhere’, I think referencing the fact that the branch would not be closing any time soon, unlike other establishments on the rapidly changing modern high street.

How ironic that my commute had revealed a poster displaying words summing up The Sheltering Sky for a struggling reviewer.

A commute is not such an inappropriate journey to be taking while considering this book. In a sense the regular, unremarkable trip to work is the most epic of voyages, made in daylight or darkness depending on the season, in rain, sun, sleet or snow, going on for years, repetitive and yet never the same twice. It’s almost like that scene in The Time Machine where the time travelling vehicle does not move, while the world changes around it.

Similar contradiction surrounds Port and Kit’s journey. We discover early on that they go to Africa with the aim of repairing their crumbling marriage. But Port, fearful of the responsibilities that a committed marriage would involve, half-unconsciously sabotages the whole project by bringing along a young male friend, with whom Kit might very well have an affair. From this shaky starting point, the travellers ride on bone-shaking night buses, chaotic trains, and meandering camel convoys over endless dunes. There is even a bike excursion. There are horrible accommodations, illness and madness in unfamiliar and dramatic landscapes. It’s truly a hellish trip.

And yet, all that being said, there is, believe it or not, a strange reassurance to be found. The world of The Sheltering Sky is undoubtedly vast and hazardous, but it is actually hard to get lost there. The journey designed to both save and sabotage a marriage has accelerator and hand-break working against each other, so the car does not move. The whole trip is like this. It goes a long way and doesn’t move at all. So yes, in the physical sense the travellers go places, but in other ways not so much. There is no gone after all the going.

‘The Sahara’s a small place really, when you come right down to it. People don’t just disappear there. It’s not like it is here in the city.’

So, a beautifully written, bleak and sometimes harrowing book, which offers an unexpected reassurance, that you can take the longest journey and be home again in time for tea